DC Comics OCT160335 Designer Series Bombshells Poison Ivy Action Figure

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Figure 1. Poison ivy leaves have three leaflets. Leaflets have scattered, jagged teeth along the edges and may have a larger tooth or lobe close to the bottom edge of the leaflet, giving it a mitten-like shape. There is often a red spot where the bottom two leaflets join together. Petrides GA. Vol. 1986. New York(New York): Houghton Mifflin; A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs. p. 130. [ Google Scholar] Poison-ivy ( Rhus radicans L.) is widespread throughout southern Ontario and reaches north approximately as far as Cochrane and Kenora. It is found most abundantly, however, south of a line from the north shore of Lake Huron through North Bay. This includes the densely populated portions of the province and the popular vacation areas. The plant is often mistakenly called "poison oak", but the true poison oak occurs only in the southern and Pacific states of the U.S.A. and not in Ontario. Curtisa G, Lewis AC. Treatment of severe poison ivy: a randomized, controlled trial of long- versus short-course oral prednisone. J Clin Med Res. 2014; 6(6):429–434. [ PMC free article] [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] Sideshow presents the Poison Ivy Premium Format™ Figure, an irresistible, exclusive DC Comics collectiblethat’s sure to ensnare your senses.

Poison-ivy is classified as a noxious weed under the Ontario Weed Control Act. This legislation provides a means for regulating control of certain weeds in problem areas. Each municipal council, through its weed inspector, is responsible for the degree of control within its district. Figure 11. Smooth sumac leaves have eleven to thirty-one leaflets. Note that the leaflets have teeth along the edges. hog-peanut and ground nut are vines with alternate leaves (like poison-ivy) but with clusters of small whitish to purplish or brownish flowers like those of the sweet pea.Eating the plants can cause severe internal irritation, and inhaling particles of urushiol released by burning poison ivy, oak, or sumac can cause swelling of the respiratory passages, which can even result in death. These cases require specific and immediate medical treatment. Control However, all of the herbicides which kill poison-ivy may also kill or damage other plants growing nearby. If poison-ivy is growing among perennial ornamentals, in a hedge, or entwined about a favorite tree, one must resort to cutting and digging to destroy it. Wear gloves and other protection while cutting and grubbing. Take care also to prevent other persons from being inadvertently contaminated by the tools, the roots, stems and leaves, or by the smoke if the material is burned (see section on Harmful Effects). For additional information on these and other herbicides, and on the selection, care and use of herbicide application equipment see Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Publication 75, Guide to Weed Control. Harmful Effects About 85 percent of people are allergic to urushiol, the oily compound responsible for the skin reaction. Urushiol is found in all parts of these plants. Simply touching the leaves may expose you to the oil, and additional oil is released when plant parts are crushed or damaged. The oil resists breakdown and may cling to clothing, tools, and pet fur for long periods of time, even a year or more. Exposure to the oil on these secondary sources can also cause an allergic reaction.

Figure 2. Poison oak looks similar to poison ivy, but the teeth along the edges of the leaflets are more rounded, leaves often are not as shiny, and the form is more shrub-like (photo by John Byrd, bugwood.org).

Poison Sumac

Caution! Even at this stage take care as poisoning may be brought about by handling the dead plants.

Gladman AC. Toxicodendron dermatitis: poison ivy, oak, and sumac. Wilderness Environ Med. 2006; 17(2):120–128. Accessed September 4, 2020. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] Virginia creeper often has 5 or 7 leaflets in other leaves on the same plant and its berries are bluish. Fragrant sumac ( Rhus aromatica) is often mistaken for poison oak, and both grow in similar habitats. One difference is that the leaflets of fragrant sumac are attached at a single point, while the terminal leaflet of poison oak has a short stem. Also, the fruit of the fragrant sumac plant is red (figure 10). The increased atmospheric CO2 level caused by global warming not only promotes the growth of these plants (poison ivy and related plants thrive off of CO 2), but also cause the plants to produce more potent forms of urushiol. The number of these plants is expected to double again when atmospheric CO 2 levels, now at 410ppm, the highest in three million years, reach 560ppm. 3 , 16 A. Low-growing form with short erect stems and a flower cluster from the axil of one compound leaf.Many plants have been mistaken for poison-ivy because their leaves may also consist of 3 leaflets. These can be distinguished from poison-ivy as follows. Poison ivy’s original classification, Toxicodendron radicans (T. radicans), was first established by the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in the 17th century. Later, Carl Linnaeus, considered the “Father of Taxonomy,” classified poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac under the Rhus genus in 1737. 8 However, by the 18th century, 27 species of Rhus had been identified, with numerous variations, creating the need to better clarify the taxonomic designations of plants falling into the Rhus genus. Thus, the genus Toxicodendron, which means “poison tree,” was reprised for what we know today as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, with radicans and rydbergii being the most common species. Poison oak ( T. diversilobum) is more common in western United States, and poison sumac ( T. vernix) is primarily confined to marshy areas of eastearn and southeastern United States, but numerous types of Toxicodendron plants can be found in temperate climates all over the world. 7 The leaves of poison ivy (figure 1) and poison oak (figure 2) have three leaflets. This is where the adage leaves of three, let it be comes from. The leaflets are commonly 2 to 8 inches long and 3⁄4 to 5 inches wide, and they have scattered, jagged teeth along the edges. Some have a larger tooth or lobe close to the bottom edge, giving them a mitten-like shape. Hauser SC. New York, New York: Lyons & Burford Publishing Co.; 1996. Nature’s Revenge. [ Google Scholar]

Although the leaflets are somewhat oval, they vary greatly in shape and size. Their margins vary from perfectly smooth ( Figure 3A) to finely or coarsely toothed ( Figure 3D), to deeply and irregularly lobed ( Figure 3E). Undersides of the leaflets may be finely hairy all over, or just along the veins and veinlets, or may be virtually without hairs. Touching any of the three poisonous species may result in a red, swollen, and painful rash of itchy blisters. Rashes can occur in patches or in streaks and lines.

While there is no entirely satisfactory treatment for TCD other than the “tincture of time,” longer-course glucocorticoid therapy, such as triamcinolone or prednisone, has been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms associated with TCD. 8 Short courses of low-dose methylprednisolone (so-called “dose paks”) are too brief and too weak to offer effective relief. Glucocorticoids should be administered using a 2- to 3-week taper starting with 60mg daily (preferably taken in the morning with food to avoid gastritis) for five days that is reduced to 40mg daily for five days and then down to 20mg daily for five days. 9 , 8 Contraindications for glucocorticoids include concurrent infection, peptic ulcer disease, poorly controlled hypertension, congestive heart failure, and diabetes. 9 Dementia can also be made worse with systemic steroids (so-called “steroid psychosis”). 9 Less serious side effects of systemic glucocorticoids include an increase in appetite, retention of fluid (edema), irritability, and insomnia. Adrenal suppression associated with prolonged systemic steroid use is rarely a problem when using a 2- to 3-week course of glucocorticoid therapy for poison ivy. 9 Nevertheless, when in doubt, avoid touching the unknown plant until you have obtained help to identify it. Control of Poison Ivy Lofgran T, Mahabal G. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Toxicodendron toxicity. StatPearls. Last Update: April 19, 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557866/ Accessed 17 Sep 2020. [ Google Scholar] Nancy Loewenstein, Extension Specialist, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University; Amber C. Dunn, former 4-H Regional Extension Agent; and Mark D. Smith, Professor, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University.