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Aesthetic adornment is a cultural universal and mascara can be documented in ancient Egypt. Records from around 4000 BC refer to a substance called kohl that was used to darken eyelashes, eyelids, and eyebrows. [9] Kohl was used to mask the eyes, believed to ward off evil spirits and protect the soul, by both men and women. Often composed of galena; malachite; and charcoal or soot, crocodile stool; honey; and water was added to keep the kohl from running. [10] Through Egypt's influence, kohl usage persisted in the subsequent Babylonian, Greek and Roman empires. Following the fall of the Roman Empire, kohl fell into disuse on the European continent, where it had been considered solely a cosmetic; conversely, it continued to be widely used in the Middle East for religious purposes. [9]
In 1933, a woman known on court records as Mrs. Brown consented to have her eyelashes permanently dyed. [17] :20 Unfortunately, the product, Lash Lure, used para-phenylenediamine, a chemical extremely toxic to the body, as the dyeing agent. [17] :23 At the time, cosmetics were unregulated by the Federal Drug Administration, and the dangers of paraphenylenediamine were unknown. [18] Within hours of the treatment, Mrs. Brown began experiencing severe symptoms of stinging and burning eyes. By the next morning, Mrs. Brown's eyes had developed ulcers which oozed and had swollen shut. [17] :22 Use of Lash Lure resulted in blindness in Mrs. Brown and fifteen other women and also caused the death of another through a bacterial infection. [19] It was only after the Lash Lure incident and several others like it, documented in Ruth deForest Lamb's book entitled American Chamber of Horrors, that Congress granted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the right to regulate cosmetics in 1938. [17] :24 Max Factor waterproof mascara creme in a tube with a brush, 1960 The only con worth noting: Some online reviewers say that it can take several coats to achieve significant volume. However, we noticed fuller, elongated lashes after one swipe. Caitlyn Martyn is a commerce writer on staff at Byrdie, where she covers beauty and style-related topics. She is an experienced product tester and has tried hundreds of mascaras over the years, including a number of the formulas that appear on this list. a b c Swiler, Daniel R. (2005). "Pigments, Inorganic". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi: 10.1002/0471238961.0914151814152215.a01.pub2. ISBN 9780471238966. The invention of the photograph and motion picture launched mascara's popularity and usage further forward in America. Motion pictures especially advertised a new standard of beauty and sex appeal. [16] Famous actresses of the classic cinema era, such as Theda Bara, Pola Negri, Clara Bow, Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich, Bette Davis, and Jean Harlow, depended heavily upon mascara for their glamorized appearances, which the average woman sought to mimic. [17] :8–9,11–12If you’re looking for a mascara that allows you to build waterproof volume with minimal effort, this is a great option. Love the wand but interested in trying out another formula? You can always save the wand and use it with other mascaras. Just make sure to clean it first with eye make-up remover. The only downside is that we noticed a pretty strong fragrance, which isn’t ideal, especially for eye products, since it can be irritating. However, it is very common in waterproof formulas. According to Sewell, proper mascara application starts with a curl. “I always curl with a lash curler first before coating lashes evenly with one to two coats of waterproof mascara,” she explains. “My favorite way to apply waterproof mascara is to sandwich it in between a regular mascara for ultimate volume.” Smudged mascara has also become a symbolic way to show depression in photographs, such as the famous "Bleeding Mascara" [ clarification needed] or "crying mascara" trend on social media. These references can carry deep emotional resonance and significance.
Whitehead, Heather D.; Venier, Marta; Wu, Yan; Eastman, Emi; Urbanik, Shannon; Diamond, Miriam L.; Shalin, Anna; Schwartz-Narbonne, Heather; Bruton, Thomas A.; Blum, Arlene; Wang, Zhanyun; Green, Megan; Tighe, Meghanne; Wilkinson, John T.; McGuinness, Sean; Peaslee, Graham F. (15 June 2021). "Fluorinated Compounds in North American Cosmetics". Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 8 (7): 538–544. doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00240. hdl: 20.500.11850/495857. S2CID 236284279. Archived from the original on July 22, 2021 . Retrieved 11 July 2021. a b "Toxic 'forever chemicals' widespread in top makeup brands, study finds". The Guardian. 2021-06-15. Archived from the original on July 7, 2021 . Retrieved 2021-07-07.To get the most from your mascara, it is so important to place your wand at the root of your lashes,” explains Gboyega. “I always recommend using the wand in a zig- zag motion, ensuring that you are working up from the root of your lashes all the way to the tip.” And yes, that open-mouth-mascara-face is basically inevitable. KNOW YOUR ANGLES It’s not often that a brand groups a moisturizer and a mascara under the same line, but considering that Neutrogena’s Hydro Boost line is all about plumping and replenishing, it makes sense. Just like the iconic moisturizer, this mascara utilizes the power of hyaluronic acidfor its hydrating and plumping benefits. The nourishing formula and the tapered wand work in tandem to provide extreme volume and a silky feel in just one coat. Trying to find the best mascara for your lashes can feel like a daunting task; so many launches, so many questions... what's the best high-street mascara, what's the best for short lashes? Is it worth paying more for extra volume and length? Which waterproof formulas really withstand a hot summer's day, or even a few lengths in the swimming pool, but still come off easily with eye make-up remover?
Robaei, Dana (2018-05-03). "Subconjunctival Mascara Deposition". Ophthalmology. 125 (5): 641. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.12.035. ISSN 0161-6420. PMID 29681291. Alyssa Kaplan is an experienced writer in the beauty industry and product tester specializing in cosmetics. She received a bachelor’s degree from the Fashion Institute of Technology, where she studied marketing and product development in the cosmetics industry. She has tested countless washable and waterproof mascaras, including several on this list. Alyssa has been a commerce writer at Byrdie since 2022, where she covers all things beauty.Among the many oils used, linseed oil, castor oil, eucalyptus oil, lanolin, and oil of turpentine are found frequently. Sesame oil is also commonly used. [9] Waxes usually found in mascara are paraffin wax, carnauba wax, and beeswax. [9] Eye cosmetics containing kohl, kajal, al-kahal, surma, tiro, tozali, or kwalli often pose a lead poisoning risk. [27] Products containing kohl, kajal, surma, and similar materials are illegal color additives in the United States as defined by the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, section 201(t). Arden, Elizabeth, née Florence Nightingale Graham", Chambers Biographical Dictionary, London: Chambers Harrap, 2007
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