LeapFrog LeapStart Primary School Activity Book: Kids' World Atlas with Global Awareness

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Miller, Robert R. (2001). Leapfrogging?: India's Information Technology Industry and the Internet. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications. pp.vii. ISBN 9780821349502. Animals like frogs and butterflies go through a process called metamorphosis, they change into something completely different. Caterpillars turn into butterflies and tadpoles turn into frogs. During this stage, the tadpole doesn’t need to eat because it uses the nutrients stored in its tail as food. When just a little stub of a tail is left, it becomes a young frog and hops out of the water onto land.

In consequence, when a radical innovation occurs, it does not initially seem to be an improvement for leading nations, given their extensive experience with older technologies. Lagging nations have less experience; the new technique allows them to use their lower wages to enter the market. If the new technique proves more productive than the old, leapfrogging of leadership occurs. The adoption of solar energy technologies in developing countries are examples of where countries do not repeat the mistakes of highly industrialized countries in creating an energy infrastructure based on fossil fuels, but "jump" directly into the Solar Age. [10]In the field of industrial organization (IO), the main work on leapfrogging was developed by Fudenberg, Gilbert, Stiglitz and Tirole [3] (1983). In their article, they analyze under which conditions a new entrant can leapfrog an established firm. Similarly a country which has leadership can lose its hegemony and be leapfrogged by another country. This has happened in history a few times. In the late eighteenth century, the Netherlands was leapfrogged by the UK, which was the leader during the whole nineteenth century, and in turn the US leapfrogged the UK, and became the hegemonic power of the 20th century.

Munasinghe, M. (1999). "Is environmental degradation an inevitable consequence of economic growth: tunneling through the environmental Kuznets curve". Ecological Economics. 29 (1): 89–109. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00062-7. Frog eggs float on water and are covered in slimy jelly to protect them. A group of eggs is called a frogspawn. That leapfrogging can arise because an established monopolist has a somewhat reduced incentive to innovate because he is earning rents from the old technology. [4] This is somewhat based on Joseph Schumpeter's notion of ‘gales of creative destruction’. [5] The hypothesis proposes that companies holding monopolies based on incumbent technologies have less incentive to innovate than potential rivals, and therefore they eventually lose their technological leadership role when new radical technological innovations are adopted by new firms which are ready to take the risks. When the radical innovations eventually become the new technological paradigm, the newcomer companies leapfrog ahead of the formerly leading firms.Barro, Robert; Sala-i-Martin, Xavier (2003). Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 375. ISBN 9780262025539. OCLC 2614137.

Frogs are amphibianswhich means they can live on land and in water. They go through many stages in their life: When an egg hatches, out pops a tadpole (or polliwog). Tadpoles look more like fish than frogs. They do not have any arms or legs. They have long tails and gills to breathe underwater. a b c Šebeňa, Martin (2023). "Technological Power". In Kironska, Kristina; Turscanyi, Richard Q. (eds.). Contemporary China: a New Superpower?. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-03-239508-1. Leapfrog democracies can refer to countries that have huge developments that more typically advanced countries might only have much later.Leapfrogging can occur accidentally, when the only systems around for adoption are better than legacy systems elsewhere, or situationally, such as the adoption of decentralized communication for a sprawling, rural countryside.